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Earth Weather

Real-time atmospheric conditions from around the globe

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⟳ Data refreshed

Space Weather

Solar activity and space weather events

Keyboard Shortcuts

Ctrl + K Focus search bar
Ctrl + R Refresh current section
1 Switch to Earth Weather
2 Switch to Space Weather
Double-click Copy metric value
Enter Search for city

About Earth Weather

What is Earth Weather?

Earth weather refers to the atmospheric conditions in the lower layer of Earth's atmosphere (troposphere), including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and pressure patterns that affect our daily lives.

Importance

  • Daily Planning: Helps plan activities, travel, and outdoor events
  • Agriculture: Critical for crop planning, irrigation, and harvesting
  • Aviation & Maritime: Essential for safe navigation and operations
  • Disaster Preparedness: Early warnings for severe weather events
  • Health: Affects air quality, allergies, and disease spread
  • Energy: Impacts heating, cooling, and renewable energy generation

Technical Aspects

  • Data Source: OpenWeatherMap API v2.5
  • Update Frequency: Real-time data updated every 10 minutes
  • Coverage: 200,000+ cities worldwide
  • Parameters Measured:
    • Temperature (°C/°F) & Feels Like
    • Humidity (%) & Pressure (hPa)
    • Wind Speed (km/h) & Direction
    • Visibility (km) & Cloud Cover (%)
    • Weather Conditions & Descriptions
  • Forecasting: 5-day temperature trends with Chart.js visualization
  • Accuracy: ±1-2°C temperature, ±10% humidity

How It Works

  1. Data Collection: Weather stations, satellites, radars, and ocean buoys collect atmospheric data
  2. Processing: Supercomputers process millions of data points using numerical weather prediction models
  3. Analysis: Meteorologists analyze patterns and make forecasts
  4. Distribution: Data is distributed via APIs for applications like this one

Indian Cities Focus

This application prioritizes major Indian cities:

  • Delhi: National capital, extreme temperature variations
  • Mumbai: Coastal climate, monsoon impact
  • Bengaluru: Pleasant climate, tech hub
  • Bhubaneshwar: Tropical wet climate, cyclone-prone
  • Kolkata: Humid subtropical, monsoon patterns

Fun Facts

  • 🌡️ Earth's hottest recorded temperature: 56.7°C (Death Valley, 1913)
  • ❄️ Coldest temperature: -89.2°C (Antarctica, 1983)
  • 🌪️ Wind speeds in tornadoes can exceed 480 km/h
  • ☔ Mawsynram, India receives 11,871mm rain annually (world's wettest place)
  • ⚡ Earth experiences ~100 lightning strikes per second

About Space Weather

What is Space Weather?

Space weather refers to conditions on the Sun and in the solar wind, magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere that can influence the performance of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and endanger human life or health.

Importance

  • Satellite Operations: Protects billions of dollars in space assets
  • Communications: Radio, GPS, and satellite communications can be disrupted
  • Power Grids: Geomagnetic storms can damage transformers and cause blackouts
  • Aviation: Radiation exposure at high altitudes, especially polar routes
  • Astronaut Safety: Radiation hazards for spacewalks and missions
  • Technology: Affects pipelines, railways, and sensitive electronics

Technical Aspects

  • Data Source: NASA DONKI (Database Of Notifications, Knowledge, Information)
  • Update Frequency: Real-time monitoring, events logged continuously
  • Event Types Tracked:
    • Solar Flares (FLR): Intense bursts of radiation
    • Coronal Mass Ejections (CME): Massive plasma eruptions
    • Geomagnetic Storms (GST): Disturbances in Earth's magnetosphere
  • Classification: Events rated from minor (G1/S1/R1) to extreme (G5/S5/R5)
  • Forecasting: 1-3 day advance warnings for major events
  • Monitoring: 24/7 surveillance by multiple satellites and ground stations

How It Works

  1. Solar Observation: Satellites like SDO and SOHO monitor the Sun constantly
  2. Event Detection: Instruments detect flares, CMEs, and other phenomena
  3. Analysis: Scientists analyze event characteristics and predict Earth impact
  4. Forecasting: Models predict arrival time and intensity at Earth
  5. Alerts: Warnings issued to affected sectors (aviation, power, etc.)

Solar Cycle

  • Duration: Approximately 11 years from minimum to maximum activity
  • Current Cycle: Solar Cycle 25 (began December 2019)
  • Peak Expected: 2024-2025 (we're in active phase!)
  • Sunspots: Dark regions on Sun's surface, indicators of activity
  • Solar Maximum: Peak activity with frequent flares and CMEs

Beautiful Side Effects

  • Auroras (Northern/Southern Lights): Created when solar particles interact with Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere
  • Visibility: During strong geomagnetic storms, auroras visible at lower latitudes
  • Colors: Green (oxygen), red (high-altitude oxygen), blue/purple (nitrogen)
  • India Sightings: Rare but possible during extreme G5 storms in northern regions

Amazing Facts

  • ☀️ Sun's surface temperature: 5,500°C; Core: 15 million°C
  • ⚡ Largest flare recorded: X28 class (November 2003)
  • 🌊 CMEs can eject billions of tons of solar material at millions of km/h
  • 🛰️ 1989 Quebec blackout: 6 million people without power for 9 hours
  • 🔴 Carrington Event (1859): Most powerful geomagnetic storm in recorded history
  • 📡 Space weather can delay GPS signals by microseconds, affecting accuracy

Blue Theme Design

The blue color scheme represents:

  • 🔵 Space & Sky: Infinite depths of space
  • 🌊 Calm & Trust: Professional scientific monitoring
  • ❄️ Cool Temperatures: Contrast to Sun's heat
  • 🌐 Earth's Atmosphere: Protective shield from space weather

Background image: ESA's "Low Sun on the Horizon" - showcasing our Sun from space.